Artificial intelligence is moving quickly into mainstream medical devices, and the industry has become fluent in a familiar set of concerns: bias, transparency, and cybersecurity. These topics matter, but they don’t capture the risks most likely to shape patient safety in the coming decade. The deeper challenges lie in the interactions between algorithms, clinical workflows, data pipelines, and human decision making. Those interactions are where safety is won or lost, and they remain the least examined part of AI adoption.

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